History of aviation and the invention of the airplane
When we look at the history of aviation, who made the first successful attempt? Who is the inventor of the plane? Was it invented by one person, or was the invention the result of accumulated efforts?
Since ancient times, people have been fascinated by flying in the sky, and this is clearly shown in drawings and archaeological excavations.
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| The inventor of the airplane and the history of the development of aviation |
But who was the first to decide to work on implementing this passion? Who decided to take this dream to the wide skies and invent the first airplane?
Let's take a tour of aviation history and learn about the inventor of the plane.
Francisco Lanna de Terzi published a theory in 1670 AD proposing the use of thin copper balls containing a vacuum for lighter-than-air lift. These balls would be lighter than the surrounding air, which would help them lift an airplane.
Although the theory is scientifically correct, it could not be implemented practically, as the surrounding air pressure would have completely crushed these balls if they contained nothing but vacuum.
This theory, which is known in scientific circles as the empty balloon, remains an impossible dream because there is no suitable material. But we cannot neglect Terzi's efforts when we talk about the inventor of the plane.
Airship :
Hydrogen gas was discovered in the eighteenth century, finally a substance lighter than air! The discovery of hydrogen led to the invention of the hydrogen balloon, and the Montgolfier brothers began attempts to fly a hot air balloon at that time.
On November 21, 1783, the brothers launched the first balloon with passengers, and this balloon relied on fire to heat the air. The balloon flew freely for a distance of 8 km.
The use of airships for military purposes began in the eighteenth century, and the French government established companies to manufacture airships at that time. The science of aerodynamics began to be established at that time as a result of the emergence of several new theories in mechanics, especially the laws of motion developed by Newton.
Airship or moving balloon:
Attempts to create a balloon whose movement could be controlled continued during the nineteenth century, and the first flight using a balloon whose movement and direction could be controlled was successful in 1852 in France when Henri Giffard flew a distance of 24 kilometers on a balloon powered by a steam engine.
Although the balloon appeared during the First and Second World Wars, and is still used in many places, the development of its industry stopped after the heavier-than-air aircraft industry overwhelmed it.
Sir George Kylie, Father of the Airplane:
Cayley was the first to identify the four forces controlling airplane flight: thrust, height, drag, and weight. He was also the first to design a heavier-than-air aircraft, and he emphasized balance and control in his designs.
Cayley designed the first controllable parachute that could be launched from a high hill, and this glider was carried by the first glider pilot at Brompton Dale in 1853.
The Wright Brothers:
With astonishing determination, the two Americans, the Wright Brothers, worked their way in a deliberate manner from gliding to building the first airplane. The Wright Brothers built the first powered, controllable heavier-than-air aircraft, and this aircraft made its first flight on December 17, 1903.
The Wright Brothers' first plane was unstable and unreliable, but the brothers did not give up, but rather built another and a third plane.
The Flyer 3, the third Wright brothers' plane, was the first reliable plane in the history of aviation, to fly stable and controllable, and to land the pilot safely.
The first flight in history:
On 12/17/1903 AD, the brothers (Orville and Wilbur Wright), who were working in the bicycle industry, were able to launch the first airplane to perform sustainable flight, powered by energy, heavier than air, made of wood, wires, and pieces of cloth, propelled automatically, and equipped with a gasoline engine. Its length is 12 meters, and its weight is 274 kilograms.
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| Wright brothers plane |
The experiment began on the sands of the Kitty Hawk desert in Carolina, and the experiment actually succeeded for the first time in history, and the plane rose from the ground, covering a distance of 37 meters in its first flight, and remained in the air for a time of 12 seconds, while the longest flight duration achieved by the Wright brothers was 75 minutes at an altitude of 100 meters. Performed by Orville Wright.
Revolutionary development:
After the faltering beginning, the aviation industry developed in successive leaps. Immediately after the invention of the airplane, aviation began to be used for military purposes, which led to an impressive development of the industry in a short time to impose control and win the war.
The period between World War I and World War II witnessed a rapid development in aviation technology. Airplanes evolved from biplanes made of wood and cloth to streamlined monoplanes made of aluminum.
This revolutionary development may have begun for military reasons, but commercial aviation has undoubtedly benefited enormously from it. After the end of World War II, the United States of America began building factories that could manufacture aircraft at prices that would allow them to be used in civil aviation.
Rapid and impressive growth in the aircraft industry:
A revolutionary development occurred in the period between the First and Second World War, years after the success of the first aviation. Airplanes became an important military element and tool on battlefields and wars, and aviation became more experienced than ever before. In the period between the First and Second World War, a number of A large number of pilots were out of work, which opened the way for commercial air transport. Armed air forces were established during this period in most countries, and it also led to the development of civil aviation.
After the end of World War II, a large number of pilots and planes were put out of service, and from here commercial and civil aviation took off, and aviation was used without a clear vision, which prompted military aviation to develop planes and jet engines. Development also became linked to air traffic control and management of the navigation movement of aircraft and their designs. . Aircraft retired from wars were used in commercial service and transporting people and goods, and air transport companies expanded and multiplied in the world.