The sun is one of the most important basic elements that ensure the continuation of life on planet Earth. It is the natural and basic energy source for humans and the Earth. It is the source of warmth and light during the day.

The Sun is located in the Milky Way Galaxy, 30,000 light-years away from it, and every 250 million years the Sun rotates around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.

Studies indicate that temperatures in the center of the sun reach more than 27 million Fahrenheit, or 15 million degrees Celsius. The sun is located in the middle of the solar system, as it is the largest body in the solar system, representing 99.8% of the mass of the solar system. The diameter of the sun is about 109 times the diameter of the sun. Earth, as the Sun can fit about a million planets inside it, and its weight is more than 333,000 times more than our planet.

The Sun's strong gravity holds all the planets in their places.

What is the sun made of, what is the speed of the Earth’s rotation around the sun, what is the distance between the Earth and the sun, and when does sunlight reach the Earth? Many questions we will answer in this article.

What is the sun made of:

Some may think that the sun is a burning fire that releases light and heat, but in fact the sun is mostly composed of hydrogen and helium, but that is not all. Have you ever wondered what about the other elements in the sun?

About 67 chemical elements have been discovered in the Sun, but hydrogen is the most abundant element within the Sun's composition, accounting for more than 90% of the atoms and more than 70% of the Sun's mass. The next most abundant element in the Sun is helium, which accounts for approximately 9% of the atoms and about 27% of the mass. There are only trace amounts of other elements, including oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, silicon, magnesium, neon, iron and sulfur. Together, these elements make up less than 0.1% of the Sun's mass.

Elemental composition of the sun:

Hydrogen 91.271.0

Helium 8.727.1

Oxygen 0.0780.97

Carbon 0.0430.40

Nitrogen 0.00880.096

Silicon 0.00450.099

Magnesium 0.00380.076

NEON 0.00350.058

Iron 0.0300.014

Sulfur 0.0150.040

How is solar energy formed?

Solar energy is created through nuclear fusion, where active hydrogen atoms fuse into helium, producing enormous pressure and releasing very large amounts of energy.

During this process, every second, 600 million tons of hydrogen are transformed into 596 million tons of helium, while the remaining 4 million tons of matter are transformed into enormous energy in the form of light and heat .

The Sun is constantly fusing hydrogen into helium, but that isn't changing the ratio of hydrogen to helium anytime soon.

What is the sun made of, what is the speed of the Earth's rotation around the sun, and what is the distance between the Earth and the sun

The Sun is about 4.5 billion years old and has converted about half of the hydrogen in its core into helium. It still has about 5 billion years before it runs out of hydrogen, according to NASA. And God knows best this {* They want to extinguish the light of God with their mouths, and God will perfect His light, even if the disbelievers dislike it *} (Surat As-Saff, verse 8),

Meanwhile, elements heavier than helium are formed in the Sun's core. They form in the convection zone, which is the outer layer of the Sun's interior. Temperatures in this region are cold enough that the atoms have enough energy to hold their electrons.

This makes the convection zone darker or more opaque, trapping heat and causing the plasma to boil from the convection. The movement transfers heat to the lower layer of the solar atmosphere, the photosphere. Energy is released into the photosphere in the form of light that travels through the solar atmosphere (chromosphere and corona) and passes into space. Light reaches Earth about 8 minutes after it leaves the Sun.

How far is the Earth from the sun:

The Earth revolves around the Sun in an almost elliptical orbit, and the distance between the Earth and the Sun changes throughout the year. However, the average distance from Earth to the Sun is about 93 million miles (150 million km). Scientists also call this distance one astronomical unit (AU).

The distance between Earth and the Sun changes in early January as Earth reaches its closest position to the Sun, and at this time Earth is about 91.4 million miles (147.1 million kilometers) from the Sun, according to NASA.

Keep in mind that the Earth's distance from the Sun does not determine the seasons of the year as we know them; The seasons are determined by the tilt of the Earth's axis. It is not through the distance or proximity of the Earth to the Sun that is why the season that occurs in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth always conflicts with the season in the Northern Hemisphere.

While the Earth reaches its farthest distance from the Sun, which is called Aphelion. The Earth is about 94.5 million miles (152.1 million km) from the sun. Aphelion occurs in early July.

The Earth is constantly moving, and as it revolves around the Sun, it also rotates around its axis.

The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, or to be precise, every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds. The circumference of planet Earth is approximately 40,070 kilometers, so when you divide the distance by time, this means that the planet rotates 1,037 mph (1,670 km/h).

Earth orbits the sun at about 67,000 mph (110,000 km/h), according to Ask an Astronomer, a blog run by astronomers at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

It takes the Earth about 365 days to complete one orbit around the Sun, in an elliptical orbit.

By studying the movements of other stars relative to the Sun, scientists determined that the solar system revolves around the center of the Milky Way at a speed of 447,000 mph (720,000 km/h).

One of the researchers said that although everything is moving all the time, living organisms on the surface of the Earth do not feel it for the same reason that passengers on an airplane do not feel that they are being launched through the air at hundreds of miles per hour. When the plane takes off, passengers feel its acceleration as it is on the runway and taking off, and this feeling of heaviness is caused by the plane's rapidly changing speed. But once the plane is at a certain altitude, passengers will not feel the speed hundreds of miles per hour because the speed does not change.

Passengers will not feel the speed because they are actually moving at the same speed and direction, like an airplane. The only way passengers can notice their movements and the movement of the plane is to look out the window at the passing landscape.

For humans standing on the surface of our planet, they do not feel that the Earth revolves around the sun because they are also rushing around the sun at the same speed.